Distribution spatiale des vecteurs mécaniques de la trypanosomose animale africaine près du cours d’eau Vina (Adamaoua-Cameroun)
Keywords:
Piège, stomoxes, tabanidés, VinaAbstract
La Trypanosomose animale africaine est un problème majeur de santé animale sur le plateau de l’Adamaoua (Cameroun), où elle est responsable de nombreuses pertes au niveau des cheptels. Plusieurs études menées sur les vecteurs ont permis d’élaborer des méthodes de lutte antivectorielle, mais la maladie persiste. C’est dans cette optique que nous avons étudié l’influence des types d’habitats sur la diversité des vecteurs mécaniques et leurs influences sur la variation des abondances. L’étude a été menée de Juillet à Décembre 2020 près du cours d’eau Vina. Les mouches ont été capturées grâce aux pièges Nzi et Vavoua imprégnés d’octénol comme attractif dans les savanes, près des cours d’eau et dans les galeries forestières. Nous avons collecté 3 182 individus parmi lesquels les stomoxes (88,12 %), représentés par 5 espèces, avec une DAP de 12,98 stomoxes/piège/jour et les tabanidés (11,88 %), représentés par 9 espèces, avec une DAP de 1,76 tabanidés/piège/jour. Chez les tabanidés, le genre Tabanus (7,01%) a été le plus abondant et l’espèce Tabanus taeniola la plus abondante. Les stomoxes ont été représentés par le genre Stomoxys, avec pour espèce dominante Stomoxys niger niger (56,66%). La distribution des mouches montre que les cours d’eau demeurent les zones où le bétail est le plus exposé aux piqures et par ricochet à la maladie. Ainsi l’élaboration d’une stratégie de lutte durable contre les mouches doit intégrer la diversité des habitats exploitée pour le pâturage et l’abreuvage des bêtes.
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